Rudolph Giuliani

Rudolph William Louis Giuliani, born on May 28, 1944, is an American attorney and politician who held the position of the 107th mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. His earlier career included roles as the United States Associate Attorney General from 1981 to 1983 and as the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1983 to 1989.

During his tenure as U.S. Attorney, Giuliani was known for his vigorous prosecution of organized crime figures in New York City throughout the 1980s. After a setback in his 1989 mayoral bid, he successfully won the mayoralty in 1993 and was re-elected in 1997, running on a platform focused on combating crime. His administration, often referred to as a "civic cleanup," spanned from 1994 to 2001 and included the appointment of William Bratton as police commissioner. Together, they implemented the broken windows theory, which suggests that addressing minor social disorders can help curb serious crime. This approach led to the removal of panhandlers and adult establishments from Times Square. As crime rates plummeted, Giuliani received significant recognition, though some later analysts attributed the decline to other factors. In 2000, he sought a Senate seat against Hillary Clinton, but withdrew after being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, his leadership was widely praised, earning him the title "America's mayor" and Time magazine's Person of the Year honor for that year.